Jobs
Most people in modern society spend more than eight hours a day working. Some are successful in their jobs, but many more are under stress. Workers are classified into two group; self-employed and employees. An interesting fact is that the self-employed envy the employees, and vice versa. The reason? People tend to exaggerate the others' benefits they don't have.
Businessmen seem to have greater satisfaction from their jobs than ordinary workers do. They have the power to decide things by themselves. That's why ordinary workers are envious of them. But businessmen must take responsibility for their decisions, and if something goes wrong they could go bankrupt.
Every employee has a certain job responsibility, but if he does what he is expected to he is usually exempt from bad consequences. He has a stable position. On the other hand, a competent worker may enjoy many promotions and raises, but still be at the mercy of the manipulations of corporate executives.
Who is happier is not the quetion. The important thing is that people must decide which category they should belong in by evaluating themselves honestly.
exempt from : free from a duty or an obligation
at the mercy of : without any protection against
manipulate : influence or message (sb) or (sth) in a clever or dishonest way
Comprehension
1. What advantage do businessmen have?
2. What disadvantage do workers have?
3. Which is better, being the employer or the employee?
Express Yourself
1. Would you want to be a businessman or an employee?
2. Are you satisfied with your job?
3. Would you want your children to do your job?
4. What are your priorities in getting a job?
5. Would you take a night job if it were better paid?
6. When do you feel like giving up your job?
7. Why don't you start your your own business?
8. Do you have any ideal of starting a new business?
9. What are the obstacles to starting your own business?
More Talking Points
Talk about the good and bad aspects about having the following jobs.
a). physicians b).teachers c).politicians d). the nation's president e).farmer f). professional athletes
g). judges h).soldiers i). panhandlers
Opinion Samples
1. People have different priorities in getting job. Some put their emphasis on making more money, others want job security, promotion opportunities, work they are comfortable with. As for me, I want my own business. After I quit my first job I never thought about working for anyone again. When I work for someone else and can't sell my ideal to the boss, that disappoints me. And often employees become scapegoats for marketing failures. I love to work alone with my ideals and plans, knowing whether my business succeeds or not is up to me.
2. I really want to have my own business, as most employees do. But a boss must have special characteristics. First of all, he must have creative ideals and know when, where and how to apply them. Of course, he must have the never to go ahead with his plan against difficult markets. He must cultivate customers, because success largely depends upon human relationships. If he has solid relationships with his business partners, he may be able to make up for temporary financial strait.
2011年12月8日
A Document from MySkylines, Express Yourself - Issue 08
Hobbies
One of the main reasons people have hobbies is to kill time. many of the great developments in science and technology have given us all a lot of time beyond that which we fill with necessary activity. But few of us use that extra time creatively, so we get bored. So we need a hobby to make the time pass enjoyably. we collect stamps or learn how to cook or just listen to our CDs.
One of the problems, though, is with having expensive hobbies. Usually they are intended to show off our wealth or our being up-to-date with some supposed trend, rather than supporting any genuine interest. Too often, we can't really afford it; but even if we can, we just feed our general discontent because we are spending a lot of money but not relieving our boredom.
up-to-date : based on the latest information, changes, improvements, or styles
feed : nourish
Comprehension
1. What are two reasons given for having a hobby?
2. Why are hobbies necessary in the modern world?
3. What is wrong with having expensive hobbies?
Express Yourself
1. What are your hobbies?
2. How much money do your bobbies cost you?
3. With whom do you enjoy your hobbies?
4. How often do you engage in your hobbies?
5. Do you make friends with people who have the same hobbies?
6. What are the best things about your hobbies?
7. Are there any hobbies you would like to try soon?
8. Are there any hobbies you have given up? Why?
9. did you ever recommend that family members share your hobbies with you?
Opinion Samples
1. having a hobby is supposed to be an enjoyable way to relax. On weekend or at ight, too many people have no interest in going anyehre or doing anything, so they just stay at home watching TV or nagging their families. but if they could develop an interest in something else, they would be too absorbed in it to bother the other people at home. Domestic tranquility would be achieved! Even better would be something the entire family could enjoy together. A fun, stimulating, inexpensive hobby would help keep the family close and comfortable with each other.
2. I'm happy whenever I meet someone who shares my interests. We usually become friends right away because we often have similar characteristics. We can immediately understand each other, and we have something vital to talk about. In fack, talking itself is one of the greatest hobbies we can enjoy, don;y you think so? And it's certainly one of the least expensive - is that waht people mean when they say "talk is cheap"?
nag : bother or annoy
absorbed in : completely interested in
tranquility : calmness
Useful Expressions
1. Finishing stimulates the brain - also the imagination.
2. Many a problem will solve itself, if we forget about it and go fishing.
3. A lot of singers on TV are worth watching. Too bad they're not worth listening to.
4. Finding a simple life is today's most complicated job.
5. The greatest pleasure in life is doing what other people say can't be done.
6. Nothing grows faster than a fish from the time he bits until he gets away.
7. Why not learn to enjoy the little things - there are so many of them?
8. What we enjoy, not what we have, constitutes our abundance.
constitute : be the elements or parts of
One of the main reasons people have hobbies is to kill time. many of the great developments in science and technology have given us all a lot of time beyond that which we fill with necessary activity. But few of us use that extra time creatively, so we get bored. So we need a hobby to make the time pass enjoyably. we collect stamps or learn how to cook or just listen to our CDs.
One of the problems, though, is with having expensive hobbies. Usually they are intended to show off our wealth or our being up-to-date with some supposed trend, rather than supporting any genuine interest. Too often, we can't really afford it; but even if we can, we just feed our general discontent because we are spending a lot of money but not relieving our boredom.
up-to-date : based on the latest information, changes, improvements, or styles
feed : nourish
Comprehension
1. What are two reasons given for having a hobby?
2. Why are hobbies necessary in the modern world?
3. What is wrong with having expensive hobbies?
Express Yourself
1. What are your hobbies?
2. How much money do your bobbies cost you?
3. With whom do you enjoy your hobbies?
4. How often do you engage in your hobbies?
5. Do you make friends with people who have the same hobbies?
6. What are the best things about your hobbies?
7. Are there any hobbies you would like to try soon?
8. Are there any hobbies you have given up? Why?
9. did you ever recommend that family members share your hobbies with you?
Opinion Samples
1. having a hobby is supposed to be an enjoyable way to relax. On weekend or at ight, too many people have no interest in going anyehre or doing anything, so they just stay at home watching TV or nagging their families. but if they could develop an interest in something else, they would be too absorbed in it to bother the other people at home. Domestic tranquility would be achieved! Even better would be something the entire family could enjoy together. A fun, stimulating, inexpensive hobby would help keep the family close and comfortable with each other.
2. I'm happy whenever I meet someone who shares my interests. We usually become friends right away because we often have similar characteristics. We can immediately understand each other, and we have something vital to talk about. In fack, talking itself is one of the greatest hobbies we can enjoy, don;y you think so? And it's certainly one of the least expensive - is that waht people mean when they say "talk is cheap"?
nag : bother or annoy
absorbed in : completely interested in
tranquility : calmness
Useful Expressions
1. Finishing stimulates the brain - also the imagination.
2. Many a problem will solve itself, if we forget about it and go fishing.
3. A lot of singers on TV are worth watching. Too bad they're not worth listening to.
4. Finding a simple life is today's most complicated job.
5. The greatest pleasure in life is doing what other people say can't be done.
6. Nothing grows faster than a fish from the time he bits until he gets away.
7. Why not learn to enjoy the little things - there are so many of them?
8. What we enjoy, not what we have, constitutes our abundance.
constitute : be the elements or parts of
2011年12月6日
Ex-Leader: Khmer Rouge Not 'Bad People
The Former number two leader of Cambodia's Khmer Rouge regime is denying responsibility for the deaths of an estimated 1.7 milion people during the 1970, insisting that he and his comrades were not "bad people." Noun Chea's testimony cam Monday in a packed courtroom in Phnom Penh, as a United Nations-backed war crimes tribunal began hearing evidence in the long-waited trial.
The 85-year-old Nuon Chea, who was chief ideologue for communist movement, and his co-defendants((former foreign minister Ieng Sary and ex-head of state Khieu Samphan)) all deny charges of war crimes, genocide and crimes against humanity during the regim's 1975-1979 reign. Khmer Rouge leader Pol Pot died in 1988. Nuone Chea insisted that no Cambodian was responsible for atrocities. He sought to shift the blam to Vietnam, which invaded Cambodia in 1978 and toppled the Khmer Rouge regime a year later. Khieu Samphan also is expected to testify within the next weeks. In opening remarks last month, he indentified himself as a Cambodia patriot who was unware of the mass killings at the time.
The 85-year-old Nuon Chea, who was chief ideologue for communist movement, and his co-defendants((former foreign minister Ieng Sary and ex-head of state Khieu Samphan)) all deny charges of war crimes, genocide and crimes against humanity during the regim's 1975-1979 reign. Khmer Rouge leader Pol Pot died in 1988. Nuone Chea insisted that no Cambodian was responsible for atrocities. He sought to shift the blam to Vietnam, which invaded Cambodia in 1978 and toppled the Khmer Rouge regime a year later. Khieu Samphan also is expected to testify within the next weeks. In opening remarks last month, he indentified himself as a Cambodia patriot who was unware of the mass killings at the time.
2011年11月20日
ITIL Version 3 Foundation - Service Design
Definition
The design of appropriate & innovative IT services..
including their architecture, process,policies & documentation..
to meet current and future agree business requirements'
Goals
-- To create a realistic service outline with:
. Policy regarding service quality
. Architecture design
. Models for delivery
. Appropriate Technology
. Process & Measurement design
-- Provide guidance on development of Services, Models & processed
-- The main deliverable is the SERVICE DESIGN PACKAGE(SDP)
. A SDP details all aspects of the service and its requirements during the design stage through all of the subsequent stages of its lifecycle.
. Produced for each new IT service, major change or IT Service Retirement
Processed
-- Service Level Management
-- Service Catalogue Management
-- Availability Management
-- Information Security Management
-- Supplier Management
-- Capacity Management
-- IT Service Continuity Management
Service Design - Objectives
-- Guidance on the design and development of:
. Services and Service management processes
-- No limited to new services
-- "Holistic' approach
. To ensure service consistency & integration
. Must consider all activities & processes & IT technology
Service Design - Business Value
-- Deliver reduced Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)
-- Improve overall quality of services
-- Improve consistency of services
-- Make implementation of owner changed services easier
-- Increased Service management & IT processes effectiveness
Service Design - Key Principles & Models
. Importance of the 4P's
-- People
-- Processes
-- Prodcuts
-- Partners
If we agree that PEOPLE is the greatest challenge; what could we attribute this to?
. 5 elements of Service Design
1. Service Portfolio Design
2. Business Requirements & Service Design
3. Technology Design
4. Process Design
5. Measurement Design
Service Portfolio Design
-- Service Portfolio
. Assists with clarifying question like:
- Why should a customer buy these services?
- Why should they buy these services from you?
- What are they pricing or chargeback models?
- what are my strenght & weakness, priorities & risks?
- How should my resources & capabilities be allocated?
-- Service Portfolio
. Part of Sevice Knowledge Management System (SKMS)
. Registered in Configuration Management System (CMS)
1.Service Portfolio Design
Design factors for the Service Portfolio
. Service name
. Service description
. Service status
. Service classification and criticality
. Applications used
. Business processes supported
. Busness owners & Businss users
. Service warranty level, SLA and SLR references
. Supporting services
. Supportng OLAs, cnracts and agreements
. Service costs
. Service charges
. Service revenue
. Service metrics
More..
2.Busness Requirements & Service design
A. Analyse agreed business requirements
B. Review existing capability
C. incorporate Service Acceptance Criteria (SAC) requirements
D. Evaluate & cost alternative designs
E. Agree expenditure & budget
F. Re-evaluate & confirm business benefits (ROI & TCO)
G. Agree preferred solution against Service Level Requirement (SLR)
H. Check consistency with corporate & IT strategies
I. Confirm inclusion - Corporate, IT governance & security controls
J. Complete IT readiness assessment - ensure effective operability
K. Establish supplier & supporting agreements
L. Assemble Service Design Package (SDP) for subsequent stages
3. Technology Design:
-- Provide overall strategic development & deployment blueprints for architectures & management systems
Architecture design = development and maintenance of IT policies, strategies, designs, documents, plans and processes
-- Guidelines for Technology Design
. Re-use existing assets where possible
. Look to use standard technology models
4. Process Design
-- Create or follow existing process model
. Process model = structured set of activities to accomplish a specific objective.
- Takes one or more inputs and turns them into defined outputs.
- Includes roles, responsibilities, tools and management controls.
- A process may also define or revise policies, standards, guidelines, activities, processes, procedures, and work instructions if they are needed.
-- Process control
. Planning and regulating a process, with the objective of being effective, efficient and consistent.
5. Measurement Design
-- Cross over with Continual Service Improvement (CSI)
. If you can't tmeasure it then you can't manage it.
-- Measurement asks : Is the design
. Fit for purpose
. at the appropriate level of quality
. Right first time
. minimize "rework" & "add-ones"
Service Provider Types
-- Type I - Internal Service Provider
-- Type II - Shared Service Provider
-- Type III - External Service Provider
Service Design Packge
-- Developed for new IT services, Major changes, or IT retirements.
-- Defines all aspects of an IT service and its requirements for each stage of its lifecycle.
Contents of the Service Design package
-- Requirements
. Busness requirements
. Service applicability
. Service contacts
-- Service Design
. Service functional requirements
. Service level requirements
. Service operational management requirements
. Service design and topology
-- Organizational readiness assessment
-- Service lifecycle plan
. Service program
. Service transition plan
. Service operational acceptance plan
Service Design - Processes
. Service Level Management
. Service Catalogue Management
. Capacity Management
. Availability Management
. Service Continuity Management
. Information Security Management
. Supplier Management
Service Level Management
. Objectives - Ensure clear understanding between customer & IT
- Proactive enhance level of services
- Drive customer "satisfaction"
. Scope - negotiate & agree
-- Current requirements (SLA)
-- Future requirements (SLR)
- Develop & manage
-- SLA (aligned to targets)
-- OLAs to support SLAs
- Review contracts with Suppliers
- Oversee Service Improvement Plan (SIP)
. Basic concepts
- Service Level Management (SLM)
. A communication channel & relationship with appropriate customers & business representatives.
- Service Level Requirement (SLR)
. A set of targets and responsibilities documented and agreed prior to a new serice or change
- Service Level Agreement (SLA)
. Written agreement between an IT service provider & the IT customers, defining the key service targets and responsibilities of both parties.
- Operational Level Agreement (OLA)
. Agreement between an IT service provider & another part of the same organisation that assists with the provision of services.
- Underpinning Contract (UC)
. Formal contract between an IT Service Provider & a Third Party.
- Service Review
. Held periodically with customer
. Review Service Achievement for the last period
. To discuss issues for the coming period
- Service Improvement Plan (SIP)
. Plan of prioritising improvement actions
. Covers all sevices and processes
. Includes Impacts and risks
- Contract
. A legally binding agreement between two or more parties.
- Service Level Agreement Monitoring (SLAM) Chart
. Used to give a quick view of SLA's performance at a glance
. Uses RAG (Red, Amber, Green) colour codes
. Red: Breached; Orange: Threatened; Gree: Within Target
- Types of SLA Frameworks
. Service-based SLA
-- SLA covers one services for all customers of that service
. Customer based SLA
-- Cover one customer group for all the services they use.
. Muti-level SLA
-- Can cover several layers of the organisation
-- Corporate level
-- Customer level
-- Sevice Level
. Key Metrics
- Percentage reduction in:
-- SLA targets threatened
-- SLA targets missed (minor)
-- SLA breaches (major)
- Percentage increase in:
-- Customer perception & satisfaction of SLA achievements
. Services reviews
. Customer Satisfaction Survey responses
. Roles : Service Level Manager
- Be aware of changing business needs
- Identify & understand current and future service requirements
- Responsible for:
. Service Portfolio
. Service Catalogue
. Application Portfolio
- Enur UC's align with SLA & SLR targets
- manage relationships with stakeholders, customers, users
- Measure, record, analyze & improve customer satisfaction.
.Challenges
-- IT perception to business can be low
-- Identifying planned services (service portfolio)
-- Defining the Service Catalogue
-- Defining IT department relationships (for OLAs)
-- Identifying contractual relationships (for UCs)
Service Catalogue Management
. Objective
-- To manage the inforamtion within the Service Catalogue
. Roles:Service Catalogue manager
-- Record existing & new services in Service Catalogue
-- Verify Service Catalogue information is accurate
-- Ensure consistency of Service Catalogue & Service Portfolio information
-- Backup Service Catalogue information & ensure integrity.
Capacity Management
. Objective
-- Produce (and maintain) Capacity Plan
-- Give advice on capacity & performance issues
-- Deliver against performance targets
-- resolve performance & capacity related incidents & problems
-- Assess changes on capacity & performance
-- Implement service improvement measures
. Three sub-processes
-- Business Capacity Management
-- Service Capacity Management
-- Component Capacity Management
. Role : Capacity Manager
-- Ensure adequate IT Capacity
. Understand capacity requirements, usage and capacity
. sizing new services & systems (future requirements)
. Production, review & revision of the Capacity Plan
-- Aligning capacity & demand correctly
-- Optimise existing capacity
-- Set appropriate monitoring levels
. Performance analysis & reporting
. Performance & resource optimisation
. Impact & cost assessment
-- Focal point for capacity & performance issues
Availability Management
.Availability is at the core of user satisfaction.
.Objectives
-- Produce (and maintain) the Availability Plan
-- Provide advice & guidance on Availability issues
-- Ensure service availability targets are met/exceeded
-- Diagnosis & resolution of availability related incidents & problems
-- Assess impact of changes on Availability Plan
-- Ensure proactive measures to improve availability of services
.Basic concepts
-- Key elements:
. Reactive activities
. Proactive activities
-- Aspects of Availability
. Component availability
. Service availability
-- Four aspects
. Availability
. Reliability
. Maintainability
. Serviceability
. Role : Availability Manager
-- Participate in IT infrastructure design
. Design of new services
. Availability & recovery design criteria
-- Monitor actual IT availability achieved
. Check and report availability levels against SLAs
-- Assess and manage risk
-- Review impact of changes on Availability Plan
-- Ensure cost justified levels of IT availability
Service Continuity Management
.Objectives
-- Maintain IT Service Continuity & IT recovery plans
-- Complete Business Impact Analysis (BIA)
-- Consider risks & how to minimize
-- Establish recovery mechanisms
-- Investigate and implement improvement measures.
.Basic concepts
-- Business Continuity Management (BCM)
. Manages risks that could seriously affect the business
. Plans for the recovery of Business process should disruption occur
. Sets the scope and requirement for ITSCM
-- Business Continuity Plan (BCP)
. plan defining steps required to restore business process after disruption
. Identifies triggers for invocation, people to be involved, communication, etc
. ITSCM forms significant patr of Business Continuity plans
-- Business Impact Analysis (BIA)
. Assesses what impact the business will have should a particular service, process, component, etc, fail.
-- Risk Analysis
. Assesses what the chances of disaster are.
.Role: ITSCM Manager
-- Connect ITSCM to the BCM process
. Plans, risks & activities
. Communication & awareness
-- Develop & maintain continuity awareness
. Look for danger
. maintain service continuity plan
. Ensure IT "preparedness"
. review third party cintracts
-- establish and manage testing schedule
. Check conformance to plan & improve
-- Assess change impact on recovery solutions
Inforamtion Security Management
. Objectives
-- Manage Confidentiality
-- Maintain Integrity
-- Ensure Availability
-- Also focus on third party exchanges
. Authenticity & non-repudiation
. Basic concepts
-- Establish an Information Security Policy
-- Create a Security framework
-- manage the Information Security management System (ISMS)
.ITIL v3 approach to Security
-- 5 step approach
1. Control
2. plan
3. Implement
4. Evaluate
5. Maintain
. Role : Security manager
-- Information Security Policy & supporting policies
. Communicate & publish
. Enforcement
. Promote
-- Security control & plans
. Procedures - security controls
. maintain, review & audit, test
-- review breaches & incidents
. Impact & volumes
-- Check adherence to Policy
Supplier Management
. Objectives
-- Deliver "value for mony"
-- Align underpinning contracts & customer agreements
-- Mange supplier relationships & performance
-- Negotiate, agree & manage contracts through their lifecycle
-- Maintain supplier policy and Supplier & Contract Database (SCD)
. Supplier
-- Third Party Responsible for supplying goods or services required to deliver IT services.
. Role : Supplier Manager
-- Work with SLM on SLAs, contracts, agreements,etc.
. Business alignment
. Roles & relationships
-- Manage the Supplier & Contracts Database (SCD)
. Changes to SCD via Change Manage process
. Impact assessment of supplier changes - CAB
-- Perform supplier review & risk assessment
. Beware of supplier sub-contractors
. Ensure value (ROI)
-- Manage Disputes
.Termination / transfer
. Reporting & improvement
The design of appropriate & innovative IT services..
including their architecture, process,policies & documentation..
to meet current and future agree business requirements'
Goals
-- To create a realistic service outline with:
. Policy regarding service quality
. Architecture design
. Models for delivery
. Appropriate Technology
. Process & Measurement design
-- Provide guidance on development of Services, Models & processed
-- The main deliverable is the SERVICE DESIGN PACKAGE(SDP)
. A SDP details all aspects of the service and its requirements during the design stage through all of the subsequent stages of its lifecycle.
. Produced for each new IT service, major change or IT Service Retirement
Processed
-- Service Level Management
-- Service Catalogue Management
-- Availability Management
-- Information Security Management
-- Supplier Management
-- Capacity Management
-- IT Service Continuity Management
Service Design - Objectives
-- Guidance on the design and development of:
. Services and Service management processes
-- No limited to new services
-- "Holistic' approach
. To ensure service consistency & integration
. Must consider all activities & processes & IT technology
Service Design - Business Value
-- Deliver reduced Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)
-- Improve overall quality of services
-- Improve consistency of services
-- Make implementation of owner changed services easier
-- Increased Service management & IT processes effectiveness
Service Design - Key Principles & Models
. Importance of the 4P's
-- People
-- Processes
-- Prodcuts
-- Partners
If we agree that PEOPLE is the greatest challenge; what could we attribute this to?
. 5 elements of Service Design
1. Service Portfolio Design
2. Business Requirements & Service Design
3. Technology Design
4. Process Design
5. Measurement Design
Service Portfolio Design
-- Service Portfolio
. Assists with clarifying question like:
- Why should a customer buy these services?
- Why should they buy these services from you?
- What are they pricing or chargeback models?
- what are my strenght & weakness, priorities & risks?
- How should my resources & capabilities be allocated?
-- Service Portfolio
. Part of Sevice Knowledge Management System (SKMS)
. Registered in Configuration Management System (CMS)
1.Service Portfolio Design
Design factors for the Service Portfolio
. Service name
. Service description
. Service status
. Service classification and criticality
. Applications used
. Business processes supported
. Busness owners & Businss users
. Service warranty level, SLA and SLR references
. Supporting services
. Supportng OLAs, cnracts and agreements
. Service costs
. Service charges
. Service revenue
. Service metrics
More..
2.Busness Requirements & Service design
A. Analyse agreed business requirements
B. Review existing capability
C. incorporate Service Acceptance Criteria (SAC) requirements
D. Evaluate & cost alternative designs
E. Agree expenditure & budget
F. Re-evaluate & confirm business benefits (ROI & TCO)
G. Agree preferred solution against Service Level Requirement (SLR)
H. Check consistency with corporate & IT strategies
I. Confirm inclusion - Corporate, IT governance & security controls
J. Complete IT readiness assessment - ensure effective operability
K. Establish supplier & supporting agreements
L. Assemble Service Design Package (SDP) for subsequent stages
3. Technology Design:
-- Provide overall strategic development & deployment blueprints for architectures & management systems
Architecture design = development and maintenance of IT policies, strategies, designs, documents, plans and processes
-- Guidelines for Technology Design
. Re-use existing assets where possible
. Look to use standard technology models
4. Process Design
-- Create or follow existing process model
. Process model = structured set of activities to accomplish a specific objective.
- Takes one or more inputs and turns them into defined outputs.
- Includes roles, responsibilities, tools and management controls.
- A process may also define or revise policies, standards, guidelines, activities, processes, procedures, and work instructions if they are needed.
-- Process control
. Planning and regulating a process, with the objective of being effective, efficient and consistent.
5. Measurement Design
-- Cross over with Continual Service Improvement (CSI)
. If you can't tmeasure it then you can't manage it.
-- Measurement asks : Is the design
. Fit for purpose
. at the appropriate level of quality
. Right first time
. minimize "rework" & "add-ones"
Service Provider Types
-- Type I - Internal Service Provider
-- Type II - Shared Service Provider
-- Type III - External Service Provider
Service Design Packge
-- Developed for new IT services, Major changes, or IT retirements.
-- Defines all aspects of an IT service and its requirements for each stage of its lifecycle.
Contents of the Service Design package
-- Requirements
. Busness requirements
. Service applicability
. Service contacts
-- Service Design
. Service functional requirements
. Service level requirements
. Service operational management requirements
. Service design and topology
-- Organizational readiness assessment
-- Service lifecycle plan
. Service program
. Service transition plan
. Service operational acceptance plan
Service Design - Processes
. Service Level Management
. Service Catalogue Management
. Capacity Management
. Availability Management
. Service Continuity Management
. Information Security Management
. Supplier Management
Service Level Management
. Objectives - Ensure clear understanding between customer & IT
- Proactive enhance level of services
- Drive customer "satisfaction"
. Scope - negotiate & agree
-- Current requirements (SLA)
-- Future requirements (SLR)
- Develop & manage
-- SLA (aligned to targets)
-- OLAs to support SLAs
- Review contracts with Suppliers
- Oversee Service Improvement Plan (SIP)
. Basic concepts
- Service Level Management (SLM)
. A communication channel & relationship with appropriate customers & business representatives.
- Service Level Requirement (SLR)
. A set of targets and responsibilities documented and agreed prior to a new serice or change
- Service Level Agreement (SLA)
. Written agreement between an IT service provider & the IT customers, defining the key service targets and responsibilities of both parties.
- Operational Level Agreement (OLA)
. Agreement between an IT service provider & another part of the same organisation that assists with the provision of services.
- Underpinning Contract (UC)
. Formal contract between an IT Service Provider & a Third Party.
- Service Review
. Held periodically with customer
. Review Service Achievement for the last period
. To discuss issues for the coming period
- Service Improvement Plan (SIP)
. Plan of prioritising improvement actions
. Covers all sevices and processes
. Includes Impacts and risks
- Contract
. A legally binding agreement between two or more parties.
- Service Level Agreement Monitoring (SLAM) Chart
. Used to give a quick view of SLA's performance at a glance
. Uses RAG (Red, Amber, Green) colour codes
. Red: Breached; Orange: Threatened; Gree: Within Target
- Types of SLA Frameworks
. Service-based SLA
-- SLA covers one services for all customers of that service
. Customer based SLA
-- Cover one customer group for all the services they use.
. Muti-level SLA
-- Can cover several layers of the organisation
-- Corporate level
-- Customer level
-- Sevice Level
. Key Metrics
- Percentage reduction in:
-- SLA targets threatened
-- SLA targets missed (minor)
-- SLA breaches (major)
- Percentage increase in:
-- Customer perception & satisfaction of SLA achievements
. Services reviews
. Customer Satisfaction Survey responses
. Roles : Service Level Manager
- Be aware of changing business needs
- Identify & understand current and future service requirements
- Responsible for:
. Service Portfolio
. Service Catalogue
. Application Portfolio
- Enur UC's align with SLA & SLR targets
- manage relationships with stakeholders, customers, users
- Measure, record, analyze & improve customer satisfaction.
.Challenges
-- IT perception to business can be low
-- Identifying planned services (service portfolio)
-- Defining the Service Catalogue
-- Defining IT department relationships (for OLAs)
-- Identifying contractual relationships (for UCs)
Service Catalogue Management
. Objective
-- To manage the inforamtion within the Service Catalogue
. Roles:Service Catalogue manager
-- Record existing & new services in Service Catalogue
-- Verify Service Catalogue information is accurate
-- Ensure consistency of Service Catalogue & Service Portfolio information
-- Backup Service Catalogue information & ensure integrity.
Capacity Management
. Objective
-- Produce (and maintain) Capacity Plan
-- Give advice on capacity & performance issues
-- Deliver against performance targets
-- resolve performance & capacity related incidents & problems
-- Assess changes on capacity & performance
-- Implement service improvement measures
. Three sub-processes
-- Business Capacity Management
-- Service Capacity Management
-- Component Capacity Management
. Role : Capacity Manager
-- Ensure adequate IT Capacity
. Understand capacity requirements, usage and capacity
. sizing new services & systems (future requirements)
. Production, review & revision of the Capacity Plan
-- Aligning capacity & demand correctly
-- Optimise existing capacity
-- Set appropriate monitoring levels
. Performance analysis & reporting
. Performance & resource optimisation
. Impact & cost assessment
-- Focal point for capacity & performance issues
Availability Management
.Availability is at the core of user satisfaction.
.Objectives
-- Produce (and maintain) the Availability Plan
-- Provide advice & guidance on Availability issues
-- Ensure service availability targets are met/exceeded
-- Diagnosis & resolution of availability related incidents & problems
-- Assess impact of changes on Availability Plan
-- Ensure proactive measures to improve availability of services
.Basic concepts
-- Key elements:
. Reactive activities
. Proactive activities
-- Aspects of Availability
. Component availability
. Service availability
-- Four aspects
. Availability
. Reliability
. Maintainability
. Serviceability
. Role : Availability Manager
-- Participate in IT infrastructure design
. Design of new services
. Availability & recovery design criteria
-- Monitor actual IT availability achieved
. Check and report availability levels against SLAs
-- Assess and manage risk
-- Review impact of changes on Availability Plan
-- Ensure cost justified levels of IT availability
Service Continuity Management
.Objectives
-- Maintain IT Service Continuity & IT recovery plans
-- Complete Business Impact Analysis (BIA)
-- Consider risks & how to minimize
-- Establish recovery mechanisms
-- Investigate and implement improvement measures.
.Basic concepts
-- Business Continuity Management (BCM)
. Manages risks that could seriously affect the business
. Plans for the recovery of Business process should disruption occur
. Sets the scope and requirement for ITSCM
-- Business Continuity Plan (BCP)
. plan defining steps required to restore business process after disruption
. Identifies triggers for invocation, people to be involved, communication, etc
. ITSCM forms significant patr of Business Continuity plans
-- Business Impact Analysis (BIA)
. Assesses what impact the business will have should a particular service, process, component, etc, fail.
-- Risk Analysis
. Assesses what the chances of disaster are.
.Role: ITSCM Manager
-- Connect ITSCM to the BCM process
. Plans, risks & activities
. Communication & awareness
-- Develop & maintain continuity awareness
. Look for danger
. maintain service continuity plan
. Ensure IT "preparedness"
. review third party cintracts
-- establish and manage testing schedule
. Check conformance to plan & improve
-- Assess change impact on recovery solutions
Inforamtion Security Management
. Objectives
-- Manage Confidentiality
-- Maintain Integrity
-- Ensure Availability
-- Also focus on third party exchanges
. Authenticity & non-repudiation
. Basic concepts
-- Establish an Information Security Policy
-- Create a Security framework
-- manage the Information Security management System (ISMS)
.ITIL v3 approach to Security
-- 5 step approach
1. Control
2. plan
3. Implement
4. Evaluate
5. Maintain
. Role : Security manager
-- Information Security Policy & supporting policies
. Communicate & publish
. Enforcement
. Promote
-- Security control & plans
. Procedures - security controls
. maintain, review & audit, test
-- review breaches & incidents
. Impact & volumes
-- Check adherence to Policy
Supplier Management
. Objectives
-- Deliver "value for mony"
-- Align underpinning contracts & customer agreements
-- Mange supplier relationships & performance
-- Negotiate, agree & manage contracts through their lifecycle
-- Maintain supplier policy and Supplier & Contract Database (SCD)
. Supplier
-- Third Party Responsible for supplying goods or services required to deliver IT services.
. Role : Supplier Manager
-- Work with SLM on SLAs, contracts, agreements,etc.
. Business alignment
. Roles & relationships
-- Manage the Supplier & Contracts Database (SCD)
. Changes to SCD via Change Manage process
. Impact assessment of supplier changes - CAB
-- Perform supplier review & risk assessment
. Beware of supplier sub-contractors
. Ensure value (ROI)
-- Manage Disputes
.Termination / transfer
. Reporting & improvement
2011年11月18日
ITIL Version 3 Foundation - Service Strategy
Value Creation through Services
-- What defines Vlaue?
@ Business outcomes & customer perception
-- Business outcomes
@ Can be measured
@ Typically economic value
-- Perception
@ What attributes of a service
@ Customer's self image
@ Expectations
* Remember customers don't buy services, they buy fulfillment of particular needs!!
The Value of Service Management
-- Transforming Service assets into Strategic assets
@ Service assets(source of value); customer assets(recipients)
@ Services have potential to increase performance of customer assets (value)
Goal
-- To improve strategic impact through design, development, implementation and practice of service management:
@ As an organisational capability
@ As a strategic asset
-- To ensure the provider can deal with the risks and costs of managing their service offerings.
Generic concepts & definitions
Value of a service : Utility & Warranty
From the customer's perspective, value has two aspects:
-- Utility - fitness for purpose
. What the customer gets
-- Warranty - fitness for use
. How the service is delivered
Resources(soft assets) & Capacities(tangible assets)
- Importance of developing distinctive capabilities to retain customers
. Same resources with different capabilities give competitive advantage.
Resources : Management, Organization, Processed, Knowledge
. Direct inputs for production
. Easier to acquire than capabilities
-- Finance, Infrastructure, Application, Information
Capacities : Financial capital, Infrastructure, Applications, Information
. Coordinate resource
. Control resources
. Deploy resource - to create value
. Capabilities cannot produce value without adequate and appropriate resources
Service Portfolio
-- Describles providers services in term of business value
. 3 components:
-- Service Pipeline
-- Service Catalogue
-- Retired Services
. Includes service status
. Changes to the portfolio are governed by policies
. Includes third-party services
. Includes Business Cases
Business Case
- A Decision support and Planning tool
. Should present
-- Cost
-- Expected benefits
. Likely consequence of action
-- Positive and negative perspective
. Consequence can be:
-- Qualitative (feeling or emotion)
-- Quantitative (financial analysis)
Business Service Catalogue
-- The customer view of Service Catalogue
. Includes relationships to business units & business process that rely on IT services.
. Facilitates development of a more proactive relationship with the customer.
Technical Service Catalogue
-- Underpin Business Service Catalogue - not part of customer view.
. Relationships to supporting services, shared services, component & Cls necessary to support provision of service to the business.
. Facilitates development of SLAs, OLAs & underpining agreements"
-- Identify technology required to support a service
-- Identify support froups that support componnents.
Service provision always has associated risks..
Service Catalogue
-- Subset of Service Portfolio
-- Menu of presently active & approved services
-- Represents a statement of actual & present capabilities
. Can be used to develop a solution from one or more services
-- Acquisition portal for customers
. Actual pricing, service-level commitment & term of service provision
-- We see Service Catalogs every day!!
Risk
-- Uncertainty of outcome:
. Positive opportunity or negative thread
. Referenced with Probability
-- Risk Management should
. Be visible, repeatable & consistent
. Follow a framework
. Support decision making
-- Risk applies to
. Security
. Project Management
. Business Continuity
Financial Management
.Quantifies the value of IT Services and Assets underlying the provision of services, and qualifications of operational forecasting, in financial term.
What would be three distinct activities for Financial Management?
1. Charging
2. Accounting
3. Forecasting
Financial Management - Basic Concepts
-- Service Valuation
. Assignment of monetary value for services delivered; based on the agreed value of the services
-- Service Portfolio Management
. Used to make decision if service should be provisioned internally or sourced
-- Service Provisioning optimization (SOP)
. Analysis provisioning options(e.g. analyse the ROI)
-- Demand Modeling
. Helping to establish financial mechanisms for managing demand.
Demand Management
. Activity Based Demand Management
-- Business Processed create demand
-- Patterns of Business Activity (PBA) influence demand patterns
-- Each Pattern of Business Activity can be coded
. Activity level can be determined so capacity can be planned for
. Each coded PBA is put under Change Control
-- PBA analysis can occur at a variety of areas
. Service Design - optimisation of design to suit (predicted) demand
. Service Catalogue - ability to map demand to appropriate services
. Service Portfolio - approval of investment/sell-off as pappropriate
. Service Operation - correct level of support
. Flnancial Management - incentives/penalties to influence demand
. User Profiles(UP)
-- UP can be people, functions, processed, and applications
. Based on roles and responsibilities in organization
-- Associated to several coded Patterns of Business Activities
-- Capacity usage can be easily determined per User Profile
. Challenges
-- Uncertainty in demand
. Prevents planning for capacity devivery
-- Over excess in capacity
. Costs Service Provider
. Costs cannot be recovered as there is no value in excess
-- Insufficient Capacity
. Result in unavailability and poor performance
-- Synchronous production and consumption
. Just-In-Time (JIT) delivery
. Demand Manager Role
-- Create and Manage incentive and penalty schemes
-- Participate in creation of Service Level Agreements
-- Monitor overall demand and capacity
-- Manage capacity potential of individual resources
-- Respond to changing Patterns of Business Activity (PBA)
-- What defines Vlaue?
@ Business outcomes & customer perception
-- Business outcomes
@ Can be measured
@ Typically economic value
-- Perception
@ What attributes of a service
@ Customer's self image
@ Expectations
* Remember customers don't buy services, they buy fulfillment of particular needs!!
The Value of Service Management
-- Transforming Service assets into Strategic assets
@ Service assets(source of value); customer assets(recipients)
@ Services have potential to increase performance of customer assets (value)
Goal
-- To improve strategic impact through design, development, implementation and practice of service management:
@ As an organisational capability
@ As a strategic asset
-- To ensure the provider can deal with the risks and costs of managing their service offerings.
Generic concepts & definitions
Value of a service : Utility & Warranty
From the customer's perspective, value has two aspects:
-- Utility - fitness for purpose
. What the customer gets
-- Warranty - fitness for use
. How the service is delivered
Resources(soft assets) & Capacities(tangible assets)
- Importance of developing distinctive capabilities to retain customers
. Same resources with different capabilities give competitive advantage.
Resources : Management, Organization, Processed, Knowledge
. Direct inputs for production
. Easier to acquire than capabilities
-- Finance, Infrastructure, Application, Information
Capacities : Financial capital, Infrastructure, Applications, Information
. Coordinate resource
. Control resources
. Deploy resource - to create value
. Capabilities cannot produce value without adequate and appropriate resources
Service Portfolio
-- Describles providers services in term of business value
. 3 components:
-- Service Pipeline
-- Service Catalogue
-- Retired Services
. Includes service status
. Changes to the portfolio are governed by policies
. Includes third-party services
. Includes Business Cases
Business Case
- A Decision support and Planning tool
. Should present
-- Cost
-- Expected benefits
. Likely consequence of action
-- Positive and negative perspective
. Consequence can be:
-- Qualitative (feeling or emotion)
-- Quantitative (financial analysis)
Business Service Catalogue
-- The customer view of Service Catalogue
. Includes relationships to business units & business process that rely on IT services.
. Facilitates development of a more proactive relationship with the customer.
Technical Service Catalogue
-- Underpin Business Service Catalogue - not part of customer view.
. Relationships to supporting services, shared services, component & Cls necessary to support provision of service to the business.
. Facilitates development of SLAs, OLAs & underpining agreements"
-- Identify technology required to support a service
-- Identify support froups that support componnents.
Service provision always has associated risks..
Service Catalogue
-- Subset of Service Portfolio
-- Menu of presently active & approved services
-- Represents a statement of actual & present capabilities
. Can be used to develop a solution from one or more services
-- Acquisition portal for customers
. Actual pricing, service-level commitment & term of service provision
-- We see Service Catalogs every day!!
Risk
-- Uncertainty of outcome:
. Positive opportunity or negative thread
. Referenced with Probability
-- Risk Management should
. Be visible, repeatable & consistent
. Follow a framework
. Support decision making
-- Risk applies to
. Security
. Project Management
. Business Continuity
Financial Management
.Quantifies the value of IT Services and Assets underlying the provision of services, and qualifications of operational forecasting, in financial term.
What would be three distinct activities for Financial Management?
1. Charging
2. Accounting
3. Forecasting
Financial Management - Basic Concepts
-- Service Valuation
. Assignment of monetary value for services delivered; based on the agreed value of the services
-- Service Portfolio Management
. Used to make decision if service should be provisioned internally or sourced
-- Service Provisioning optimization (SOP)
. Analysis provisioning options(e.g. analyse the ROI)
-- Demand Modeling
. Helping to establish financial mechanisms for managing demand.
Demand Management
. Activity Based Demand Management
-- Business Processed create demand
-- Patterns of Business Activity (PBA) influence demand patterns
-- Each Pattern of Business Activity can be coded
. Activity level can be determined so capacity can be planned for
. Each coded PBA is put under Change Control
-- PBA analysis can occur at a variety of areas
. Service Design - optimisation of design to suit (predicted) demand
. Service Catalogue - ability to map demand to appropriate services
. Service Portfolio - approval of investment/sell-off as pappropriate
. Service Operation - correct level of support
. Flnancial Management - incentives/penalties to influence demand
. User Profiles(UP)
-- UP can be people, functions, processed, and applications
. Based on roles and responsibilities in organization
-- Associated to several coded Patterns of Business Activities
-- Capacity usage can be easily determined per User Profile
. Challenges
-- Uncertainty in demand
. Prevents planning for capacity devivery
-- Over excess in capacity
. Costs Service Provider
. Costs cannot be recovered as there is no value in excess
-- Insufficient Capacity
. Result in unavailability and poor performance
-- Synchronous production and consumption
. Just-In-Time (JIT) delivery
. Demand Manager Role
-- Create and Manage incentive and penalty schemes
-- Participate in creation of Service Level Agreements
-- Monitor overall demand and capacity
-- Manage capacity potential of individual resources
-- Respond to changing Patterns of Business Activity (PBA)
2011年11月16日
A Document from MySkylines, Express Yourself - Issue 07
Friends
How many friends do you have ? Which do you think is better, having many friends or just a few very close ones? Do you think your friends would stay with you if you were in trouble? you know people say, "A friend can't be known in prosperity." A lot of those who say this claim that their conclusion is based on personal experience of losing a supposed friend when they were in a difficult situation. If so, it seems friendship is more a matter of social convenience than character or shared interest. However, others can point to unexpected support during a serious crisis from someone whom they did not expect to be a good friend. So I guess the question of friendship can cut both ways: in some cases it is mere lip service and in others it is genuine commitment.
cust both ways : have or result in advantages as well as disadvantages
lip service : insincere claims of friendship, admiration, support, etc.
commitment : a strong or firm belief shown by one's actions; loyalty
Comprehension
1. Why do you suppose "a friend can't be known in prosperity"?
2. Who is most likely to say that?
3. Are any counter-examples given? If so, what?
Express Yourself
1. Why do people need to make friends?
2. Is it okay for your spouse to have friends of the opposite sex?
3. How did you meet your best friend?
4. What usually causes trouble between friends?
5. What is the most important thing in maintaining a harmonious friendship?
6. Do you believe the saying, "Out of sight, out of mind"?
7. What's the difference having male and female friends?
8. What's the difference between the friends you made in elementary, middle and high school, and college?
9. Do you tell your friends everything about your private life?
Opinion Samples
1. Friendship often turns soure because of money problems. People think it's okay to lend money to a friend, but when they try to get the money back they become estranged. My point is this:"Lend money to your friend if you want to lose them both."
2. As in marriage, understanding is the most important thing in friendship. Having a friend means that you may often be angry, hurt, even disappointed by your friend. Whenever you are in such a situation, you must be "ready" to understand your friend, however. If not, the friendship will break up sooner than later. Without understanding, you can't overcome the ups and downs of any relationship.
How many friends do you have ? Which do you think is better, having many friends or just a few very close ones? Do you think your friends would stay with you if you were in trouble? you know people say, "A friend can't be known in prosperity." A lot of those who say this claim that their conclusion is based on personal experience of losing a supposed friend when they were in a difficult situation. If so, it seems friendship is more a matter of social convenience than character or shared interest. However, others can point to unexpected support during a serious crisis from someone whom they did not expect to be a good friend. So I guess the question of friendship can cut both ways: in some cases it is mere lip service and in others it is genuine commitment.
cust both ways : have or result in advantages as well as disadvantages
lip service : insincere claims of friendship, admiration, support, etc.
commitment : a strong or firm belief shown by one's actions; loyalty
Comprehension
1. Why do you suppose "a friend can't be known in prosperity"?
2. Who is most likely to say that?
3. Are any counter-examples given? If so, what?
Express Yourself
1. Why do people need to make friends?
2. Is it okay for your spouse to have friends of the opposite sex?
3. How did you meet your best friend?
4. What usually causes trouble between friends?
5. What is the most important thing in maintaining a harmonious friendship?
6. Do you believe the saying, "Out of sight, out of mind"?
7. What's the difference having male and female friends?
8. What's the difference between the friends you made in elementary, middle and high school, and college?
9. Do you tell your friends everything about your private life?
Opinion Samples
1. Friendship often turns soure because of money problems. People think it's okay to lend money to a friend, but when they try to get the money back they become estranged. My point is this:"Lend money to your friend if you want to lose them both."
2. As in marriage, understanding is the most important thing in friendship. Having a friend means that you may often be angry, hurt, even disappointed by your friend. Whenever you are in such a situation, you must be "ready" to understand your friend, however. If not, the friendship will break up sooner than later. Without understanding, you can't overcome the ups and downs of any relationship.
2011年11月14日
ITIL Version 3 Foundation
WHAT IS ITIL?
-- Widely Available
ITIL Qualification Scheme
-- ITIL Foundation
-- IT Service Management & Service Lifecycle (Understanding)
-- Focus on Core Process Areas (Implementing)
-- Logical grouping experties
-- Senior programme for lesders and those seeking highest certification
Services and the Services Lifecycle
ITIL v3 Library
2..Defines standards & policies that will be used to design IT services
2..Advice & guidance on all aspects of managing the day-to-day operation of IT services.
2..plan, Do, Check, Act (PDCA)
Services Lifecycle - Process
Service Strategy
-- Beware of functional silos --小心陷入IT 技術的思維
What is Service?
A means of delivering VALUE to CUSTOMER by facilitating outcomes that they want to achive without the ownership of specific costs and risks
-- Reduce constrains (e.g. lower cost per unit)
A set of specialised organisational capabilities for providing value to customers in the form of services.
A set of coordinated activities combining & implementing resources and capabilities in order to produce an outcome, which directly or indirectly, creates value for external customer or stakeholder.
-- Business processes lead to busness outcomes
-- Business manager need IT systems that support the business process
A set of interrelatived activities for the purpose of achieving a pre-defineed goal.
Process Characteristics
-- Measurable .. Performance driven
-- Specific Results .. Identifiable outputs
-- Customer focus .. Delivermpromary output to customer or stakeholder .. internal or external
-- Respond to specific events .. Traceable to a specific trigger
Process Owner
-- Responsible to ensure that process is performed according to agreed & documented process and mets the aims of the process definition.
More tactical
@ Document & pulish process
@ Process design
@ Improving the process
@ Review enhancement
@ Define KPIs
More operational
@ Reviw KPIs
@ Address process issues
@ Training & roles
@ Review & audit
@ Ensure staff resources
Service Owner
-- Responsible to the customer for initiation, transition & ongoing maintenance & support of a particular service.
@ Primary contract
@ Ensure that delivery & support meet requirements
@ Indentify Service Improvement opportunities
@ Liaise with Process Owner
@ Accountable to IT Director
The Service Owner is a primary stakeholder for each process that enables or supports their service
RACI or ARCI
- ITIL - Information Technology Infrastructure Library
- A set of books
- Guidance, advice, suggestions....
- Based on PROCESSS and FUNCTIONS that are necessary
- DESCRIPTIVE FRAMWORK
- ITIL 核心所談是"服務"並不是技術; ITIL談的是方向,概念, 屬於描述性質並沒有強制性質, 例如ISO20000是強制性質, 實施ISO20000則必需符合並達到規範的標準即要求.
- ITIL v3 is "Good Practice"
-- Widely Available
ITIL Qualification Scheme
-- ITIL Foundation
-- IT Service Management & Service Lifecycle (Understanding)
- Intruducing the Service Lifecycle
- Overview of Core Process Areas
-- Focus on Core Process Areas (Implementing)
- Service Strategy
- Service Design
- Service Transition
- Service Operation
- Continual Service Improvement
-- Logical grouping experties
- Service Offerings and Agreements
- Planning, Protection and Optimisation
- Operational Support and Analysis
- Release, Control and Validation
-- Senior programme for lesders and those seeking highest certification
Services and the Services Lifecycle
ITIL v3 Library
- Service Strategy (SS)
2..Defines standards & policies that will be used to design IT services
- Service Design (SD)
- Service Transition (ST)
- Service Operation
2..Advice & guidance on all aspects of managing the day-to-day operation of IT services.
- Continual Service Improvement
2..plan, Do, Check, Act (PDCA)
Services Lifecycle - Process
Service Strategy
- Strategy Generation
- Service Portfolio Management
- Denamd Management
- IT Financial Management
- Service Catalogue Management
- Service Level Management
- Capacity Management
- Availability Management
- Service Continuity Management
- Information Security Management
- Supplier Management
- Transition Planning & Support
- Change Management
- Service Asset & Configguration Management
- Release & Deployment Management
- Service Validation & Testing
- Evaluation
- Knowledge Management
- Event Management
- Incident Management
- Request Management
- Problem Management
- Access Management
- Service Measurement
- Service Reporting
- Service Improvement
- Service Desk
- Application Management
- Technical Management
- IT Operations
- The process and function represent our Service Management capabilities
- The level of maturity of these processes and functions can affect the credibility of the IT service provider
- Maturity can be measured and improved
- What is a Function? A team or group of people and the tools they use to carry out one or more Processes or Activities. (Example : Service Desk) 一群人以及他們所使用工具執行實現一個或多個流程或活動.---有專業的一群人
- Self-contained, specialised organisation unit with required capabilities & resources, responsible for specific outcomes
-- Beware of functional silos --小心陷入IT 技術的思維
What is Service?
A means of delivering VALUE to CUSTOMER by facilitating outcomes that they want to achive without the ownership of specific costs and risks
- Service
-- Reduce constrains (e.g. lower cost per unit)
- Which leads to -- An increased probability of desired outcomes
A set of specialised organisational capabilities for providing value to customers in the form of services.
- Capabilities represented in FUNCTIONS and PROCESSES
- Processes made uo of ACTIVITIES
- Procedures can be explained by WORK INSTRUCTIONS
A set of coordinated activities combining & implementing resources and capabilities in order to produce an outcome, which directly or indirectly, creates value for external customer or stakeholder.
-- Business processes lead to busness outcomes
-- Business manager need IT systems that support the business process
A set of interrelatived activities for the purpose of achieving a pre-defineed goal.
Process Characteristics
-- Measurable .. Performance driven
-- Specific Results .. Identifiable outputs
-- Customer focus .. Delivermpromary output to customer or stakeholder .. internal or external
-- Respond to specific events .. Traceable to a specific trigger
Process Owner
-- Responsible to ensure that process is performed according to agreed & documented process and mets the aims of the process definition.
More tactical
@ Document & pulish process
@ Process design
@ Improving the process
@ Review enhancement
@ Define KPIs
More operational
@ Reviw KPIs
@ Address process issues
@ Training & roles
@ Review & audit
@ Ensure staff resources
Service Owner
-- Responsible to the customer for initiation, transition & ongoing maintenance & support of a particular service.
@ Primary contract
@ Ensure that delivery & support meet requirements
@ Indentify Service Improvement opportunities
@ Liaise with Process Owner
@ Accountable to IT Director
The Service Owner is a primary stakeholder for each process that enables or supports their service
RACI or ARCI
- Accountable
- Responsible
- Consulted
- Informed
2011年10月27日
A Document from MySkylines, Express Yourself - Issue 06
Special Days
Which day is the most important to you each year? Is it your birthday? Perhaps the birthday of someone you love? Or an anniversary? Many people have the own special days and want to celebrate them in some distinctive way. The celebration may be a special meal or dinner out, or a gift, perhaps a trip. Maybe even a greeting card is enough to mark occasion. But the point is that the day symbolizes some important event, and that its importance is recognized by other significant people as well.
Traditional holidays are also important, but they have a group significance instead of personal meaning. Usually some religious or national figure is commemorated. These occasions may be marked by community celebrations, or especially by family get-togethers. As families become more fragmented and scattered, these holidays may be ever-more important, since they provide a chance for people to share their lives with each other again.
--> commemorate = honor the memory of a person,group, or event.
--> fragment = break or become broken into small parts.
Comprehension
1. Does the celebration of special occasions always have to be expensive?
2. How many ways to celebrate them are mentioned? What are they?
3. Do public holidays have the same purpose as private ones?
Express Yourself
1. How do you celebrate New Year's Days?
2. Did you make any New Year's resolutions this year? What were they? Were you able to keep them?
3. How do you celebrate your birthday?
4. How do you celebrate your wedding anniversary?
5. What do you think would be the perfect gift for a wedding anniversary?
6. What do you want to do for your next birthday?
7. What do you like to receive on your special days?
8. Do you think cash is an appropriate gift?
9. Do you think it's okay a luxurious party in an expensive restaurant for your child's birthday?
10. What do you usually prepare for your child's birthday?
11. How do you celebrate your parents' birthdays? And what do you prepare for their gifts?
12. What if your spouse forgot your birthday or wedding anniversary?
--> New Year's resolution : a promise made on January 1st,usually for self-improvement.
--> anniversary : the yearly return of the date on which an earlier event happened.
Opinion Samples
1. I've decided to take a week off and travel for my next birthday. I want to free myself from my nine-to-five job, my friends and my relatives in order to spend some time to discover myself. I have a good job with an adequate income, I have an active social life. But is that my purpose on earth? Am I being too selfish? So I want to get away by myself and relax and think about my future. but I wonder if I have the courage actually to change my life.
2. These days a lot of parents throw a party in an expensive restaurant for their children's birthdays. They do this to show off their wealth, and because they are too lazy to prepare food and drinks at home. This might send the wrong signal to their children, who would naturally enough think that celebrating a special day requires money, and who might be disappointed if their birthday party is not more luxurious than their friends. This is the worst thing parents can do in raising their children.
--> purpose on earth = ultimate meaning in life.
--> throw a party = give a party.
--> raise = take care of ; bring up.
Usefule Expressions
1. A woman bakes a child's birthday cake big enough to hold all the handles-and her own small enough not to.
2. The best way to remember your wife's birthday is to forget it once!
3. When a man has a birthday he may take a day off. When a woman has a birthday she may take as much as five years off.
4. A diplomatic husband said to his wife, "How do you expext me to remember your birthday when you never look any older?"
5. It's what guests say after leave the aprty that counts.
6. The success of a big party is usually measured by the money that is wasted.
--> a day off = a holiday.
--> count = have improtance or value.
Which day is the most important to you each year? Is it your birthday? Perhaps the birthday of someone you love? Or an anniversary? Many people have the own special days and want to celebrate them in some distinctive way. The celebration may be a special meal or dinner out, or a gift, perhaps a trip. Maybe even a greeting card is enough to mark occasion. But the point is that the day symbolizes some important event, and that its importance is recognized by other significant people as well.
Traditional holidays are also important, but they have a group significance instead of personal meaning. Usually some religious or national figure is commemorated. These occasions may be marked by community celebrations, or especially by family get-togethers. As families become more fragmented and scattered, these holidays may be ever-more important, since they provide a chance for people to share their lives with each other again.
--> commemorate = honor the memory of a person,group, or event.
--> fragment = break or become broken into small parts.
Comprehension
1. Does the celebration of special occasions always have to be expensive?
2. How many ways to celebrate them are mentioned? What are they?
3. Do public holidays have the same purpose as private ones?
Express Yourself
1. How do you celebrate New Year's Days?
2. Did you make any New Year's resolutions this year? What were they? Were you able to keep them?
3. How do you celebrate your birthday?
4. How do you celebrate your wedding anniversary?
5. What do you think would be the perfect gift for a wedding anniversary?
6. What do you want to do for your next birthday?
7. What do you like to receive on your special days?
8. Do you think cash is an appropriate gift?
9. Do you think it's okay a luxurious party in an expensive restaurant for your child's birthday?
10. What do you usually prepare for your child's birthday?
11. How do you celebrate your parents' birthdays? And what do you prepare for their gifts?
12. What if your spouse forgot your birthday or wedding anniversary?
--> New Year's resolution : a promise made on January 1st,usually for self-improvement.
--> anniversary : the yearly return of the date on which an earlier event happened.
Opinion Samples
1. I've decided to take a week off and travel for my next birthday. I want to free myself from my nine-to-five job, my friends and my relatives in order to spend some time to discover myself. I have a good job with an adequate income, I have an active social life. But is that my purpose on earth? Am I being too selfish? So I want to get away by myself and relax and think about my future. but I wonder if I have the courage actually to change my life.
2. These days a lot of parents throw a party in an expensive restaurant for their children's birthdays. They do this to show off their wealth, and because they are too lazy to prepare food and drinks at home. This might send the wrong signal to their children, who would naturally enough think that celebrating a special day requires money, and who might be disappointed if their birthday party is not more luxurious than their friends. This is the worst thing parents can do in raising their children.
--> purpose on earth = ultimate meaning in life.
--> throw a party = give a party.
--> raise = take care of ; bring up.
Usefule Expressions
1. A woman bakes a child's birthday cake big enough to hold all the handles-and her own small enough not to.
2. The best way to remember your wife's birthday is to forget it once!
3. When a man has a birthday he may take a day off. When a woman has a birthday she may take as much as five years off.
4. A diplomatic husband said to his wife, "How do you expext me to remember your birthday when you never look any older?"
5. It's what guests say after leave the aprty that counts.
6. The success of a big party is usually measured by the money that is wasted.
--> a day off = a holiday.
--> count = have improtance or value.
2011年9月28日
A Document from MySkylines, Express Yourself - Issue 05
Vocation
As people make more money, often they think that now is the time to enjoy themself more. Leisure becomes more important in their lives. As their psychological horizons expand beyond just earning an income, they also want to find out more about the world. So they want to travel. One problem, however, is that they don't really know where they want to go or what they want to do when they get there. So they blindly go somewhere, just brcause they think it is fashionable to do so. Often they take some package tour that offers them "10 countries in 7 days." That way, thay collect a lot of stamps in their passports and a lot of predictable photographs, but they don't have much fun or relaxation, and they don't really know very much about where they've been. A much better approach would be to decide where they really want to go, and why, and then plan far enough in advance in order to accomplish those goals. That way the vacation in both more enjoyable and more affordable.
--> psychological horizons = limites of consciousness or attitude.
--> blindly = without duidance or relevant information.
--> package = a plan or an offer made up of several items, each of which must be accepted.
--> affordable = not expensive.
Comprehension
1. Why has travel become more popular?
2. What mistake do people sometimes make?
3. What should they do to make the most of their vacation?
Express Yourself
1. How much paid vacation do you get each year?
2. Where do you most want to go?
3. In the summer, which place do you prefer-the mountains or the sea?
4. What do you think about visiting the seaside in winter?
5. Which do you think is the best season for a vacation?
6. For your vacation trip, will you drive or use public transportation such as trains or buses?
7. Would you say "yes" if your boss asked you to sacrifice your vacation? "Work comes first," doesn't it?
8. Name the countries you want to visit.
9. Are you willing to lose vacation time for better pay?
10. Describe your usual weekend.
--> make the most of = use to greatest advantage.
Opinion Samples
1. It seems to me that most people I know only think about taking a vacation in the summer. But that's a terrible season, since everyone else is rushing to all the same spots at the same time. So instead of a relaxing vacation, they spend their time stuck in traffic or on an overcrowded beach; service is stretched to the limit, and prices are inflated. So they go back home more tired than when they began, glad their time in hell is over and looking forward to going back to work! So I take my sabbatical in the winter. Even the seashore is very pleasant then, although it is too cold to swim or get a tan, because it is very quite. I can calmly reflect on my life, take my time doing what I really enjoy, and charge my batteries back up. So when I return to my job I'm able to work more effectively.
2. The ideal vacation for me is to make a trip alone. I think vacations should be a chance to reflect on myself and think about what I am doing and what I should do with my life. Only traveling alone makes this possible.
--> service is stretched to the limit = the ability to provide accommodation has reached the maximum capacity.
--> sabbatical = a year of release from normal teaching duties granted to a professor for research; a period of leave from one's work.
--> change one's batteries back up = reset or release in order to get back his or her energy.
Useful Expressions
1. My vacations are easy to plan - my boss tells me when, and my wife tells me where.
2. Most people could live with their income if they were as economical all year round as they are right after their vacations.
3. Nothing makes time pass faster than vacation and short-term loan.
4. Vacation is a system whereby people who are merely tired become exhausted.
5. Vacations are a little like love affairs - anticipated with relish, experienced with inconvenience, and remembered with nostalgia.
6. Summer vacations get kids tanned, mothers in pink, and fathers in red.
7. Don't tell the tired-looking person he needs a vacation - the chances are he just had one.
8. One of the common disruptions of marital bliss is the choice of where to spend a vacation. What this country needs is an ocean in the mountains.
9. You are getting old when you're on vacation and your energy runs out before your money does.
10. A vacation makes you feel good enough to return to work - and so poor you have to.
--> relish = great enjoyment; pleasure;zest
--> nostalgia = a desire for past; homesickness
--> in the pink = feeling fit
--> in the red = in debt
As people make more money, often they think that now is the time to enjoy themself more. Leisure becomes more important in their lives. As their psychological horizons expand beyond just earning an income, they also want to find out more about the world. So they want to travel. One problem, however, is that they don't really know where they want to go or what they want to do when they get there. So they blindly go somewhere, just brcause they think it is fashionable to do so. Often they take some package tour that offers them "10 countries in 7 days." That way, thay collect a lot of stamps in their passports and a lot of predictable photographs, but they don't have much fun or relaxation, and they don't really know very much about where they've been. A much better approach would be to decide where they really want to go, and why, and then plan far enough in advance in order to accomplish those goals. That way the vacation in both more enjoyable and more affordable.
--> psychological horizons = limites of consciousness or attitude.
--> blindly = without duidance or relevant information.
--> package = a plan or an offer made up of several items, each of which must be accepted.
--> affordable = not expensive.
Comprehension
1. Why has travel become more popular?
2. What mistake do people sometimes make?
3. What should they do to make the most of their vacation?
Express Yourself
1. How much paid vacation do you get each year?
2. Where do you most want to go?
3. In the summer, which place do you prefer-the mountains or the sea?
4. What do you think about visiting the seaside in winter?
5. Which do you think is the best season for a vacation?
6. For your vacation trip, will you drive or use public transportation such as trains or buses?
7. Would you say "yes" if your boss asked you to sacrifice your vacation? "Work comes first," doesn't it?
8. Name the countries you want to visit.
9. Are you willing to lose vacation time for better pay?
10. Describe your usual weekend.
--> make the most of = use to greatest advantage.
Opinion Samples
1. It seems to me that most people I know only think about taking a vacation in the summer. But that's a terrible season, since everyone else is rushing to all the same spots at the same time. So instead of a relaxing vacation, they spend their time stuck in traffic or on an overcrowded beach; service is stretched to the limit, and prices are inflated. So they go back home more tired than when they began, glad their time in hell is over and looking forward to going back to work! So I take my sabbatical in the winter. Even the seashore is very pleasant then, although it is too cold to swim or get a tan, because it is very quite. I can calmly reflect on my life, take my time doing what I really enjoy, and charge my batteries back up. So when I return to my job I'm able to work more effectively.
2. The ideal vacation for me is to make a trip alone. I think vacations should be a chance to reflect on myself and think about what I am doing and what I should do with my life. Only traveling alone makes this possible.
--> service is stretched to the limit = the ability to provide accommodation has reached the maximum capacity.
--> sabbatical = a year of release from normal teaching duties granted to a professor for research; a period of leave from one's work.
--> change one's batteries back up = reset or release in order to get back his or her energy.
Useful Expressions
1. My vacations are easy to plan - my boss tells me when, and my wife tells me where.
2. Most people could live with their income if they were as economical all year round as they are right after their vacations.
3. Nothing makes time pass faster than vacation and short-term loan.
4. Vacation is a system whereby people who are merely tired become exhausted.
5. Vacations are a little like love affairs - anticipated with relish, experienced with inconvenience, and remembered with nostalgia.
6. Summer vacations get kids tanned, mothers in pink, and fathers in red.
7. Don't tell the tired-looking person he needs a vacation - the chances are he just had one.
8. One of the common disruptions of marital bliss is the choice of where to spend a vacation. What this country needs is an ocean in the mountains.
9. You are getting old when you're on vacation and your energy runs out before your money does.
10. A vacation makes you feel good enough to return to work - and so poor you have to.
--> relish = great enjoyment; pleasure;zest
--> nostalgia = a desire for past; homesickness
--> in the pink = feeling fit
--> in the red = in debt
2011年9月19日
A Document from MySkylines, Express Yourself - Issue 04
Sleep
It is commonly believed that everybody should get at least eight hours of sleep a day. But a lot of people get by on less, thinking that sleeping is just a waste of thire time. Event some experts claim that it is the quality of sleep that counts rather than the quantity, and that we could live healthy lives with only three or four hours of good sleep. To them , "good sleep" is characterized by REM (Rapid-Eye Movement). It is during this phase of sleep that we dream.
Dream and their interpretation are other interesting phenomena associated with sleeping. Throughout history,seers have tried to use them as a guid to the future. Today, psychologists are apt to see them as the acting out of anxieties and fantasies we cannot express during our wakign hours. For Sigmund Freud, they were symbolic expressions of our sexual desires.
--> seers = a person who can force or foretell events.
--> acting out = performing , behaving as though in a real situation but not actually doing the action..
--> get by = I can't get by on such a small income.
Comprehension
1. How many hours of sleep do we need every day?
2. When do we dream?
3. What purposes do dreams serve in human culture?
Express Yourself
1. How many hours do you sleep?
2. Do you feel okay with three or four hours' sleep?
3. If your spouse were snoring, what would you do?
4. Do you need a alarm clock to get up in the morning?
5. Do you like to sleep in a bed or on the floor?
6. Do you think your dreams have any significant to tell you?
7. How often, and when, do you dream?
8. Do you try to interpret what your dream means?
9. Do you believe that you would be lucky if you saw a pig in your dream? If so, would you buy a lottery ticket?
10. Do you enjoy a nap during the day time?
11. Do you think sleep helps relieve your stress?
12. Do you think it's okay to work at night?
Opinion Samples
1. Whenever I have a dream I try to interpret it in a Freudian manners. Most of my dreams relate to my everyday life, so understanding them helps me know more about myself. Since Freud was a pioneering genius in the field of psychology, any interpretation based on his ideal must be accurate.
2. Three or four hours' sleep! Doing that might save time, but I don't think most people could operate very effectively that way. I have try to get by with less sleep, many times, but I always felt tired and irritable, and would have to take a nap at work just to get me through the day. So now I make it a rule to get at least six hours of sleep, no matter what, and most nights I get seven or eight. So these days I feel refreshed and energetic, and I get a lot more done.
--> in a Freudian manners = by Sigmund Freud's doctrines.
--> pionnering = being the earliest in a field or study, activity,etc.
--> make it a rule = always try.
Useful Expressions
1. When the alarm clock rings, the best part of the day is over.
2. If you want your dream to come true, don't oversleep.
3. Do you realize how many mistakes you'd make if you didn't sleep away a third of your day?
4. The best bridge between despair and hope is a good night's sleep.
5. If you sleep in a chair you have nothing to lose, but a nap at the wheel is often a permanent snooze.
6. Most of us spend a lifetime going to sleep when we're not sleepy, and getting up when we are.
7. If you want your life to listen to what you say, talk in your sleep.
8. A real surprise is when the college voy comes home and discovers people sleep at night rather than in the daytime.
9. It's extremely difficult for a babysitter to wake up five or ten minutes before the parents return home.
10. Boasting and sleeping are the forerunners of failure.
--> snooze = a light nap.
--> forerunner = a person or thing that comes or goes before as in time.
It is commonly believed that everybody should get at least eight hours of sleep a day. But a lot of people get by on less, thinking that sleeping is just a waste of thire time. Event some experts claim that it is the quality of sleep that counts rather than the quantity, and that we could live healthy lives with only three or four hours of good sleep. To them , "good sleep" is characterized by REM (Rapid-Eye Movement). It is during this phase of sleep that we dream.
Dream and their interpretation are other interesting phenomena associated with sleeping. Throughout history,seers have tried to use them as a guid to the future. Today, psychologists are apt to see them as the acting out of anxieties and fantasies we cannot express during our wakign hours. For Sigmund Freud, they were symbolic expressions of our sexual desires.
--> seers = a person who can force or foretell events.
--> acting out = performing , behaving as though in a real situation but not actually doing the action..
--> get by = I can't get by on such a small income.
Comprehension
1. How many hours of sleep do we need every day?
2. When do we dream?
3. What purposes do dreams serve in human culture?
Express Yourself
1. How many hours do you sleep?
2. Do you feel okay with three or four hours' sleep?
3. If your spouse were snoring, what would you do?
4. Do you need a alarm clock to get up in the morning?
5. Do you like to sleep in a bed or on the floor?
6. Do you think your dreams have any significant to tell you?
7. How often, and when, do you dream?
8. Do you try to interpret what your dream means?
9. Do you believe that you would be lucky if you saw a pig in your dream? If so, would you buy a lottery ticket?
10. Do you enjoy a nap during the day time?
11. Do you think sleep helps relieve your stress?
12. Do you think it's okay to work at night?
Opinion Samples
1. Whenever I have a dream I try to interpret it in a Freudian manners. Most of my dreams relate to my everyday life, so understanding them helps me know more about myself. Since Freud was a pioneering genius in the field of psychology, any interpretation based on his ideal must be accurate.
2. Three or four hours' sleep! Doing that might save time, but I don't think most people could operate very effectively that way. I have try to get by with less sleep, many times, but I always felt tired and irritable, and would have to take a nap at work just to get me through the day. So now I make it a rule to get at least six hours of sleep, no matter what, and most nights I get seven or eight. So these days I feel refreshed and energetic, and I get a lot more done.
--> in a Freudian manners = by Sigmund Freud's doctrines.
--> pionnering = being the earliest in a field or study, activity,etc.
--> make it a rule = always try.
Useful Expressions
1. When the alarm clock rings, the best part of the day is over.
2. If you want your dream to come true, don't oversleep.
3. Do you realize how many mistakes you'd make if you didn't sleep away a third of your day?
4. The best bridge between despair and hope is a good night's sleep.
5. If you sleep in a chair you have nothing to lose, but a nap at the wheel is often a permanent snooze.
6. Most of us spend a lifetime going to sleep when we're not sleepy, and getting up when we are.
7. If you want your life to listen to what you say, talk in your sleep.
8. A real surprise is when the college voy comes home and discovers people sleep at night rather than in the daytime.
9. It's extremely difficult for a babysitter to wake up five or ten minutes before the parents return home.
10. Boasting and sleeping are the forerunners of failure.
--> snooze = a light nap.
--> forerunner = a person or thing that comes or goes before as in time.
2011年8月9日
A Document from MySkylines, Express Yourself - Issue 03
Meals
Eating is supposed to be one of the most pleasant things in life. Sometimes we are not sure if we eat to live or live to eat. However, these days, many people are being deprived of regular meals. Some folks claim they are too busy to take the time, or they skip a meal they are dieting. The meal that is most often missed is breakfast, so the eater or fixer can stay in bed longer, even though health experts usually insist this is the most important meal of all. In some cases, this phenomenon is because wives are working outside the home, in others because husbands do not insist on breakfast. More convenient Western ideal about breakfast are becoming popular: eggs, cereal, coffee.
Later in the day, lunches are also becoming more problematic, especially for salaried workers. The variety and quality of food seem to be declining, even as the restaurant themselves become crowded and expensive. After work, it is usually an informal meal and drinks, so a family meal at home is out the question for a lot of male workers.
--> deprive = take something from someone, especially somrthing thet need or want
--> out of the question = impossible
--> out of question = possible
Comprehension
1. Which meal is considered the easiest to skip? Breakfast.
2. How many reasons are given for not eating? Some people are too busy to eat breakfast. Some skip a meal because they are dieting. The restaurant themselves become crowded and expensive. There are more and more male workers.
3. What does a Western breakfast consist of? It consist of eggs,cereals and coffee.
Express yourself
1. Do you uasually have breakfast? Yes, I almost eat breakfast every day except I am drunk or too tired.
2. Who prepares breakfast for you in family? My wife prepares for me or I go to breakfast shop to buy my breakfast then I finish it at office.
3. What do you think about having a modest Western-style breakfast? Sometimes eat Western-style breakfast is not bed ideal and choice, but traditional China-style breakfast also is a good choice.
4. What do you uasually eat for lunch? I usually eat food with less oil and salt, and I also eat much vegetable or fruit. Of course I also eat delicious food but not not very healthy such as Ramen (Japan noodles), fried pork with rice.
5. What do you most look for in a lunch outside the home? Recently I love Ramen.
6. What do you think about carrying a lunch box to work? I think it's a very good ideal becaus it made by your fmailly, it would be healthy and rich in nutrients.
7. What is your favorit dessert? I like chocolate Brownie cakes.8. Do you usually volunteer to pay for your fellow worker's lunches?
9. What do you think about Dutch treat?
10. Do you think it's a good ideal to take a nap after lunch?
11. Do you think one hour is enough time for lunch?
12. What is your favorit food?
13. Do you like Western food? If so, which?
14. Do you drink coffee after a meal?
15. How many cups of coffee do you drink a day?
16. Do you try to maintain a balanced diet?
17. Do you usually buy fruit in a department store, or in the market?
18. Are you worried about pesticides when you eat fruit?
19. Do you peel your apples? In the past, I will peel the apples before I eat them, but now I do not peel them anymore sicne I found a natural detergent for fruits and vegetables.
Opinion Samples
1. For too long we have thought that common courtesy demands that one person pay for everyone's meals. Oftentimes this leads to an embarrassing struggle over who will pay. Of course, each person is expected to take turns, but the order is not always clear and this may lead to resentment by the others. Meal costs are also constantly rising, so paying for multiple meals at one time is often inconvenient. We could save ourselves a lot of trouble if we would agree to go Dutch--each pays for his own meal.
2. I'm very concerned about getting poisoned by what I eat. I can never be sure if any fruit is pesticide-free, even after I wash it. So I try to peel it before I eat it. As a result, I shy away from some of my favorit food, like strawberries. My health is more important than my palate.
--> take turns = succeed one another in order
--> resentment = a feeling of displeasure or anger because of an insult or other wrong
--> shy away from = drawback; hesitate to do
--> palate = the sense of taste
Usefull Expressions
1. Don't argue at the dinner table. The one who is not hungry always wins the argument.
2. Children who are reared in homes of poverty have only two mealtime choices - take it or leave it.
3. Exercise doesn't make you nearly as hungry as thinking does - especially thinking about food.
4. The best exercise is to exercise discretion at dinner table.
5. More and more food is coming canned or prepackaged - including food for thought.
6. There is a new diet that will reduce weight like nothing else. It's called high price of food.
7. Most kids think a balanced diet is a hamburger in each hand.
8. Eating plenty of onions and garlic will help you live longer, claim dietary authorities - but you will die very lonely.
9. Table manners must have invented by people who were never hungry.
10. Many people seem to be allergic to food for thought.
--> take it or leave it = accept or refuse without changes or conditions
--> discretion = caution or self-control in one's speech or behavior.
--> food for thought (idioms&phrase)= An ideal or issue to ponder
Eating is supposed to be one of the most pleasant things in life. Sometimes we are not sure if we eat to live or live to eat. However, these days, many people are being deprived of regular meals. Some folks claim they are too busy to take the time, or they skip a meal they are dieting. The meal that is most often missed is breakfast, so the eater or fixer can stay in bed longer, even though health experts usually insist this is the most important meal of all. In some cases, this phenomenon is because wives are working outside the home, in others because husbands do not insist on breakfast. More convenient Western ideal about breakfast are becoming popular: eggs, cereal, coffee.
Later in the day, lunches are also becoming more problematic, especially for salaried workers. The variety and quality of food seem to be declining, even as the restaurant themselves become crowded and expensive. After work, it is usually an informal meal and drinks, so a family meal at home is out the question for a lot of male workers.
--> deprive = take something from someone, especially somrthing thet need or want
--> out of the question = impossible
--> out of question = possible
Comprehension
1. Which meal is considered the easiest to skip? Breakfast.
2. How many reasons are given for not eating? Some people are too busy to eat breakfast. Some skip a meal because they are dieting. The restaurant themselves become crowded and expensive. There are more and more male workers.
3. What does a Western breakfast consist of? It consist of eggs,cereals and coffee.
Express yourself
1. Do you uasually have breakfast? Yes, I almost eat breakfast every day except I am drunk or too tired.
2. Who prepares breakfast for you in family? My wife prepares for me or I go to breakfast shop to buy my breakfast then I finish it at office.
3. What do you think about having a modest Western-style breakfast? Sometimes eat Western-style breakfast is not bed ideal and choice, but traditional China-style breakfast also is a good choice.
4. What do you uasually eat for lunch? I usually eat food with less oil and salt, and I also eat much vegetable or fruit. Of course I also eat delicious food but not not very healthy such as Ramen (Japan noodles), fried pork with rice.
5. What do you most look for in a lunch outside the home? Recently I love Ramen.
6. What do you think about carrying a lunch box to work? I think it's a very good ideal becaus it made by your fmailly, it would be healthy and rich in nutrients.
7. What is your favorit dessert? I like chocolate Brownie cakes.8. Do you usually volunteer to pay for your fellow worker's lunches?
9. What do you think about Dutch treat?
10. Do you think it's a good ideal to take a nap after lunch?
11. Do you think one hour is enough time for lunch?
12. What is your favorit food?
13. Do you like Western food? If so, which?
14. Do you drink coffee after a meal?
15. How many cups of coffee do you drink a day?
16. Do you try to maintain a balanced diet?
17. Do you usually buy fruit in a department store, or in the market?
18. Are you worried about pesticides when you eat fruit?
19. Do you peel your apples? In the past, I will peel the apples before I eat them, but now I do not peel them anymore sicne I found a natural detergent for fruits and vegetables.
Opinion Samples
1. For too long we have thought that common courtesy demands that one person pay for everyone's meals. Oftentimes this leads to an embarrassing struggle over who will pay. Of course, each person is expected to take turns, but the order is not always clear and this may lead to resentment by the others. Meal costs are also constantly rising, so paying for multiple meals at one time is often inconvenient. We could save ourselves a lot of trouble if we would agree to go Dutch--each pays for his own meal.
2. I'm very concerned about getting poisoned by what I eat. I can never be sure if any fruit is pesticide-free, even after I wash it. So I try to peel it before I eat it. As a result, I shy away from some of my favorit food, like strawberries. My health is more important than my palate.
--> take turns = succeed one another in order
--> resentment = a feeling of displeasure or anger because of an insult or other wrong
--> shy away from = drawback; hesitate to do
--> palate = the sense of taste
Usefull Expressions
1. Don't argue at the dinner table. The one who is not hungry always wins the argument.
2. Children who are reared in homes of poverty have only two mealtime choices - take it or leave it.
3. Exercise doesn't make you nearly as hungry as thinking does - especially thinking about food.
4. The best exercise is to exercise discretion at dinner table.
5. More and more food is coming canned or prepackaged - including food for thought.
6. There is a new diet that will reduce weight like nothing else. It's called high price of food.
7. Most kids think a balanced diet is a hamburger in each hand.
8. Eating plenty of onions and garlic will help you live longer, claim dietary authorities - but you will die very lonely.
9. Table manners must have invented by people who were never hungry.
10. Many people seem to be allergic to food for thought.
--> take it or leave it = accept or refuse without changes or conditions
--> discretion = caution or self-control in one's speech or behavior.
--> food for thought (idioms&phrase)= An ideal or issue to ponder
2011年8月7日
A Document from MySkylines, Express Yourself - Issue 02
Traffic & Transportation
In modern societies, cars have become indispensable for most people. They are needed for commuting to work,for shopping, and for leisure purpose. However this widespread use also poses many traffic-related problems. For example, since the roads are congested most of the day, the meaning of "rush hour" is fast disappearing. A lot of drivers complaimed that the police are more interested in "collecting money" from law-breaking commuters than in facilitating the traffic flow. In addition,as more and more "demand presure" is put on gasoline supplies, and as more taxes are added by goverment to regulate usage, prices are rising dramatically.
Worldwide, the automobile is the number-one constributor to the air pollution, and policies designed to protect the environment are expensive. So far, mass transportation such as subway and buses - and electric or other alternatives to internal combustion engines - have proved inadequate for solving the needs of conveniently moving large numbers of people from place to place.
--> congested : to full or crowded because of too many people or vehicles.
--> rush hour : a period of heavy traffic
--> commuter : a person who travels regularly between a home in one community and work or school in another.
--> alternatives : choices, more possibilities from which to choose
--> internal combustion engines : engines which produce energy by burning fuet within themself.
--> inadequate : not adequate : insufficient <inadequate equipment>; also : not capable <was inadequate as a leader>
Comprehension
1. What does "rush hour" mean and why is the expression becoming meaningless?
2. Explain "demand pressure."
3. Why haven't the problem associated with automobile usage been corrected?
Express yourself
1. If you were late for a appointment, would you violate the traffic rules?
2. What traffic rules do you often break?
3. If you were stopped by a police officer for a traffice violation, what do you do?
4. Have you ever tried to bribe a police officer?
5. How do you feel when you get a ticket?
6. if you knew you were only going to be someplace for 10 minutes, would you pay for half an hour of parking or just park illegally?
7. When do you take the subway?
8. When do you take a taxi?
9. When do you talke a bus?
--> associated : connected.
--> bribe : pay money to in change of a faver, especially by doing something dishonest.
Opinion Samples
Yesterday I got my first traffic ticket. I was so angry that I drove away recklessly. Even though I knew this was dangerous behavior, I couldn't help myself. But after nearly(almost) causing an accident, I stopped my car, drank a coffee, and relaxed for a few minutes. I realized that my bad driving was the reason I had the ticket in the first place(first of all), and this helped calm me down. Then I was able to drive the way I know I should.
When I got downtown I never drived. For one thing, it is very dangerous. The roads are crowded with cars all the time, and an accident or some road construction cause me to be delayed an hour or more. So driving never guarantee on-time arrival for appointment. And gas and parking are both expensive. On the other hand, the subway is safe, cheap, and timely.
--> traffic ticket : a notice given to a driver for a traffic violation
--> reckless : lacking care or caution ; careless
Useful Expressions
1. Fewer accidents are caused by traffic jams than by pickled drivers.
2. Traffic tickets are like wives. No one complains about them until he gets one of his own.
3. The way traffic is today, it's easier to star on Broadway than it is to cross it.
4. Fast transportation has made us all neighbor-but, unfortunately, not brothers.
5. People seem to have thought up every solution to the traffic problem except staying at home.
6. Doctors tell us that people are living too fast. Traffic statistics show they are dying the same way.
7. A traffic light is a device for trapping you in the middle of the intersection.
In modern societies, cars have become indispensable for most people. They are needed for commuting to work,for shopping, and for leisure purpose. However this widespread use also poses many traffic-related problems. For example, since the roads are congested most of the day, the meaning of "rush hour" is fast disappearing. A lot of drivers complaimed that the police are more interested in "collecting money" from law-breaking commuters than in facilitating the traffic flow. In addition,as more and more "demand presure" is put on gasoline supplies, and as more taxes are added by goverment to regulate usage, prices are rising dramatically.
Worldwide, the automobile is the number-one constributor to the air pollution, and policies designed to protect the environment are expensive. So far, mass transportation such as subway and buses - and electric or other alternatives to internal combustion engines - have proved inadequate for solving the needs of conveniently moving large numbers of people from place to place.
--> congested : to full or crowded because of too many people or vehicles.
--> rush hour : a period of heavy traffic
--> commuter : a person who travels regularly between a home in one community and work or school in another.
--> alternatives : choices, more possibilities from which to choose
--> internal combustion engines : engines which produce energy by burning fuet within themself.
--> inadequate : not adequate : insufficient <inadequate equipment>; also : not capable <was inadequate as a leader>
Comprehension
1. What does "rush hour" mean and why is the expression becoming meaningless?
2. Explain "demand pressure."
3. Why haven't the problem associated with automobile usage been corrected?
Express yourself
1. If you were late for a appointment, would you violate the traffic rules?
2. What traffic rules do you often break?
3. If you were stopped by a police officer for a traffice violation, what do you do?
4. Have you ever tried to bribe a police officer?
5. How do you feel when you get a ticket?
6. if you knew you were only going to be someplace for 10 minutes, would you pay for half an hour of parking or just park illegally?
7. When do you take the subway?
8. When do you take a taxi?
9. When do you talke a bus?
--> associated : connected.
--> bribe : pay money to in change of a faver, especially by doing something dishonest.
Opinion Samples
Yesterday I got my first traffic ticket. I was so angry that I drove away recklessly. Even though I knew this was dangerous behavior, I couldn't help myself. But after nearly(almost) causing an accident, I stopped my car, drank a coffee, and relaxed for a few minutes. I realized that my bad driving was the reason I had the ticket in the first place(first of all), and this helped calm me down. Then I was able to drive the way I know I should.
When I got downtown I never drived. For one thing, it is very dangerous. The roads are crowded with cars all the time, and an accident or some road construction cause me to be delayed an hour or more. So driving never guarantee on-time arrival for appointment. And gas and parking are both expensive. On the other hand, the subway is safe, cheap, and timely.
--> traffic ticket : a notice given to a driver for a traffic violation
--> reckless : lacking care or caution ; careless
Useful Expressions
1. Fewer accidents are caused by traffic jams than by pickled drivers.
2. Traffic tickets are like wives. No one complains about them until he gets one of his own.
3. The way traffic is today, it's easier to star on Broadway than it is to cross it.
4. Fast transportation has made us all neighbor-but, unfortunately, not brothers.
5. People seem to have thought up every solution to the traffic problem except staying at home.
6. Doctors tell us that people are living too fast. Traffic statistics show they are dying the same way.
7. A traffic light is a device for trapping you in the middle of the intersection.
2011年5月11日
English conversation class notes 20110511
Section one:
Key words:
jury 陪審團 (a body of persons, usually twelve in number, summoned by law and sworn to hear a case in court and render a verdict)
sentense 判決 (The sentence was ten years in prison.)
jail 監獄 (short term sentence)
prison 監獄 (serious crimes , for example, murder)
rape 強暴
shoplift 冒充顧客在商店內偷竊(商品)
manslaughter 過失殺人
mercy killing 安樂死
euthanasia 安樂死
assault 侵犯人身,攻擊
juvenile 青少年
delinquent 青少年罪犯
parole 假釋
probation 緩刑,試用期
Expample sentence:
community service ==> 10 hours of community service
A 5-year suspended sentence.
A 3-year sentence with a chance of parole in 1 year.
A 2-year susoended and 120 hours of community service.
Section two:
Key words:
marijuana 大麻 (pot,grass,mary jane,weed) ==> smoke a joint
ecstasy 搖頭丸
heroin 海洛因
cocaine 古柯鹼
crack
zombie 殭屍
addicted = hooked 上癮的
prescription drugs 處方簽用藥
reformed addict
Key words:
jury 陪審團 (a body of persons, usually twelve in number, summoned by law and sworn to hear a case in court and render a verdict)
sentense 判決 (The sentence was ten years in prison.)
jail 監獄 (short term sentence)
prison 監獄 (serious crimes , for example, murder)
rape 強暴
shoplift 冒充顧客在商店內偷竊(商品)
manslaughter 過失殺人
mercy killing 安樂死
euthanasia 安樂死
assault 侵犯人身,攻擊
juvenile 青少年
delinquent 青少年罪犯
parole 假釋
probation 緩刑,試用期
Expample sentence:
community service ==> 10 hours of community service
A 5-year suspended sentence.
A 3-year sentence with a chance of parole in 1 year.
A 2-year susoended and 120 hours of community service.
Section two:
Key words:
marijuana 大麻 (pot,grass,mary jane,weed) ==> smoke a joint
ecstasy 搖頭丸
heroin 海洛因
cocaine 古柯鹼
crack
zombie 殭屍
addicted = hooked 上癮的
prescription drugs 處方簽用藥
reformed addict
2011年3月21日
12 Ways to Jumpstart Your Life
12 Ways to Jumpstart Your Life
(Download from Dumb Little Man - 12 Ways to Jumpstart Your Life - by Dumb Little Man)
Sometimes we get a little stuck in life -- we set New Year's resolutions[a1] and they peter out[a2] after a month, we want to exercise but can never get our butts in gear[a3] , we want to make positive changes but don't have the time or energy.
If that describes you in any way, don't worry: you're not alone. Not even close[a4] .
In fact, I would say it describes most of us. We're often too tired from a day of chaos[a5] or drudgery[a6] to do everything we want to do. We're often overwhelmed[a7] by all the things on our to-do list or in our in-box. We're swamped[a8] , and exhausted, and can't seem to find traction[a9] .
That's OK. You can get your life in gear, with a little jump start. The four key things are to 1) not beat yourself up about any of your failures or frustrations, 2) begin thinking positive, and know that you can actually change your life, 3) begin to take action, however small, and 4) build on your small successes.
Here are 12 things you can do today to jumpstart your life:
Sometimes we get a little stuck in life -- we set New Year's resolutions[a1] and they peter out[a2] after a month, we want to exercise but can never get our butts in gear[a3] , we want to make positive changes but don't have the time or energy.
If that describes you in any way, don't worry: you're not alone. Not even close[a4] .
In fact, I would say it describes most of us. We're often too tired from a day of chaos[a5] or drudgery[a6] to do everything we want to do. We're often overwhelmed[a7] by all the things on our to-do list or in our in-box. We're swamped[a8] , and exhausted, and can't seem to find traction[a9] .
That's OK. You can get your life in gear, with a little jump start. The four key things are to 1) not beat yourself up about any of your failures or frustrations, 2) begin thinking positive, and know that you can actually change your life, 3) begin to take action, however small, and 4) build on your small successes.
Here are 12 things you can do today to jumpstart your life:
1. Take a break.
If your life is chaotic[a10] , take a day off. You need it. But don't spend that day zoned out in front of the TV -- instead, set that day off for rethinking your life, reviewing what you do every day, revisiting your goals, and revamping[a11] how you do things. Take a sick day or personal leave, and plan a mini-retreat[a12] . On your day off, shower, get dressed, and get out of the house. Go to a place where you can have some quiet -- a park, a coffee shop, a library, a museum. Bring a notebook and pen. Don't connect to the Internet, or you may end up doing nothing all day. Now, make a list of all the commitments in your life, all your relationships, all the things you do each week -- this is your analyzing section. Make a list of goals you'd like to accomplish, etc. Begin the process of revising your life. You need to take a step back[a13] in order to see the way forward.
If your life is chaotic[a10] , take a day off. You need it. But don't spend that day zoned out in front of the TV -- instead, set that day off for rethinking your life, reviewing what you do every day, revisiting your goals, and revamping[a11] how you do things. Take a sick day or personal leave, and plan a mini-retreat[a12] . On your day off, shower, get dressed, and get out of the house. Go to a place where you can have some quiet -- a park, a coffee shop, a library, a museum. Bring a notebook and pen. Don't connect to the Internet, or you may end up doing nothing all day. Now, make a list of all the commitments in your life, all your relationships, all the things you do each week -- this is your analyzing section. Make a list of goals you'd like to accomplish, etc. Begin the process of revising your life. You need to take a step back[a13] in order to see the way forward.
2. Create a personal mantra[a14] .
I'm a fan of Guy Kawasaki's approach -- he advocates[a15] creating a mantra instead of a mission statement. Do that for your life: a simple statement of a couple words that you can repeat, post up on your wall, tattoo on your bicep, that will remind you what you are about and what you're trying to do. This should encapsulate what you want to accomplish in life. If it's more than 2-4 words, simplify and shorten.
I'm a fan of Guy Kawasaki's approach -- he advocates[a15] creating a mantra instead of a mission statement. Do that for your life: a simple statement of a couple words that you can repeat, post up on your wall, tattoo on your bicep, that will remind you what you are about and what you're trying to do. This should encapsulate what you want to accomplish in life. If it's more than 2-4 words, simplify and shorten.
3. Set one goal for this year.
This is a tough one, because we often have tons of goals we'd like to accomplish. I'm sure you could come up with 10 right now. But I can tell you from experience that 10 is too many, and if you try to do all of them, you will never get them done. The key to accomplishing a goal is to have laser-sharp focus, and you can't do that with more than one goal at a time. In the end, you have no focus at all. The solution: choose just one longer-term goal to accomplish this year. Then, take a task that will move the goal forward that you can accomplish this week (or within the next couple of weeks). Make that one task your complete focus. When it's done, choose a second short-term goal to focus on, and so on, until your yearly goal is accomplished. Repeat indefinitely.
This is a tough one, because we often have tons of goals we'd like to accomplish. I'm sure you could come up with 10 right now. But I can tell you from experience that 10 is too many, and if you try to do all of them, you will never get them done. The key to accomplishing a goal is to have laser-sharp focus, and you can't do that with more than one goal at a time. In the end, you have no focus at all. The solution: choose just one longer-term goal to accomplish this year. Then, take a task that will move the goal forward that you can accomplish this week (or within the next couple of weeks). Make that one task your complete focus. When it's done, choose a second short-term goal to focus on, and so on, until your yearly goal is accomplished. Repeat indefinitely.
4. Identify the essentials[a16] .
What things, commitments, people, activities are essential in your life? Make a list, and eliminate[a17] the things that are not incredibly essential. These should be the most important things in your life -- the things you would want around if nothing else were there. The things you'd like to spend more time doing if you could.
What things, commitments, people, activities are essential in your life? Make a list, and eliminate[a17] the things that are not incredibly essential. These should be the most important things in your life -- the things you would want around if nothing else were there. The things you'd like to spend more time doing if you could.
5. Eliminate the rest.
Now identify everything else in your life that doesn't make your short list. And begin to eliminate them as much as possible. Are you stuck doing something you don't like doing? Get out of it, because it's stopping you from spending time on what's important. Some things may be very difficult to eliminate, but trust me -- it's possible. You control your life. You can change it.
Now identify everything else in your life that doesn't make your short list. And begin to eliminate them as much as possible. Are you stuck doing something you don't like doing? Get out of it, because it's stopping you from spending time on what's important. Some things may be very difficult to eliminate, but trust me -- it's possible. You control your life. You can change it.
6. Start small.
The mistake a lot of people make when trying to change their lives is being too ambitious[a18] . I know -- I've been there many times. We think we can do more than we actually can. Instead, start with a really easy and small goal. Something you know you will accomplish. And then achieve it. For example, if you want to get into shape, instead of trying to work out an hour a day, try just 10-15 minutes for the first week. That might sound too easy, but it's best to start small. Then, when you're successful, you can build upon that feeling of success to get more successes. Take baby steps, and you'll get there.
The mistake a lot of people make when trying to change their lives is being too ambitious[a18] . I know -- I've been there many times. We think we can do more than we actually can. Instead, start with a really easy and small goal. Something you know you will accomplish. And then achieve it. For example, if you want to get into shape, instead of trying to work out an hour a day, try just 10-15 minutes for the first week. That might sound too easy, but it's best to start small. Then, when you're successful, you can build upon that feeling of success to get more successes. Take baby steps, and you'll get there.
7. Make a commitment.
The problem often is that we only tell ourselves, or maybe one other person, that we're going to do something. That's no commitment at all, and we are not accountable[a19] to anyone but ourselves. Well, I'm here to tell you that being accountable to ourselves is very difficult -- because we tend to get lax and let ourselves off the hook[a20] -- and then feel guilty about it afterward. Instead, commit yourself big -- tell the world about it. Join an online forum, or send an email to everyone you know, or put it on your blog. Announce your goal (and again, make sure it's achievable or you might fail) and then report in regularly, so you are accountable. Be sure to tell people to ask you about it, so you can't get away with not doing it.
The problem often is that we only tell ourselves, or maybe one other person, that we're going to do something. That's no commitment at all, and we are not accountable[a19] to anyone but ourselves. Well, I'm here to tell you that being accountable to ourselves is very difficult -- because we tend to get lax and let ourselves off the hook[a20] -- and then feel guilty about it afterward. Instead, commit yourself big -- tell the world about it. Join an online forum, or send an email to everyone you know, or put it on your blog. Announce your goal (and again, make sure it's achievable or you might fail) and then report in regularly, so you are accountable. Be sure to tell people to ask you about it, so you can't get away with not doing it.
8. Find inspiration[a21] .
One of the best ways to start positive life changes is to find someone else who's doing it or has done it. You can find great inspiration in people on the Internet, on forums or blogs, in books, in your daily life. Read about them, talk to them if you can, and emulate them. Inspiration can take you a long way.
One of the best ways to start positive life changes is to find someone else who's doing it or has done it. You can find great inspiration in people on the Internet, on forums or blogs, in books, in your daily life. Read about them, talk to them if you can, and emulate them. Inspiration can take you a long way.
9. Try exercise.
Often getting ourselves active can be a great way to get us doing things in other parts of our lives. It makes us feel good, alive, active, productive. It releases stress and gives us time to think. We start to become more fit and confident and happier. To start exercise, again, start small. Try to do a little every day, even if it's just for 10 minutes. If you can do it every day, you will have a habit, and it will lead to better and greater things.
Often getting ourselves active can be a great way to get us doing things in other parts of our lives. It makes us feel good, alive, active, productive. It releases stress and gives us time to think. We start to become more fit and confident and happier. To start exercise, again, start small. Try to do a little every day, even if it's just for 10 minutes. If you can do it every day, you will have a habit, and it will lead to better and greater things.
10. Think positive.
This was perhaps the most important change I made, and it led to many other positive changes -- exercise, eating healthy, organization, productivity, waking early, getting my finances in order. But it all started with learning to think positive. I squash[a22] negative thoughts like a bug, and replace them with positive thoughts. It's trite, I know, but it really works.
This was perhaps the most important change I made, and it led to many other positive changes -- exercise, eating healthy, organization, productivity, waking early, getting my finances in order. But it all started with learning to think positive. I squash[a22] negative thoughts like a bug, and replace them with positive thoughts. It's trite, I know, but it really works.
11. Do it now.
We often tell ourselves that we're going to do something -- but not today. We're going to start exercising, or getting organized -- but not right now. Well, it's now or never. Start changing your life today, even if it's just something small. If you don't start now, you'll keep putting it off. And then get into[a23] the habit of telling yourself, "Do it now!" And then do it now -- whether it's something you've been putting off[a24] , or something you really need to do, just do it now.
We often tell ourselves that we're going to do something -- but not today. We're going to start exercising, or getting organized -- but not right now. Well, it's now or never. Start changing your life today, even if it's just something small. If you don't start now, you'll keep putting it off. And then get into[a23] the habit of telling yourself, "Do it now!" And then do it now -- whether it's something you've been putting off[a24] , or something you really need to do, just do it now.
12. Make time[a25] for yourself.
One of the most important things you can do to start changing your life is to make a regular time that you spend with yourself. An hour a day is ideal. This could be time when you exercise, or read, or meditate[a26] , or write, or just take a quiet walk through nature. Whatever you do, spend it on yourself. Use part of this time to think about your life, and your single goal for this year, and all the progress you've made so far. Celebrate your successes, and learn from your failures.
One of the most important things you can do to start changing your life is to make a regular time that you spend with yourself. An hour a day is ideal. This could be time when you exercise, or read, or meditate[a26] , or write, or just take a quiet walk through nature. Whatever you do, spend it on yourself. Use part of this time to think about your life, and your single goal for this year, and all the progress you've made so far. Celebrate your successes, and learn from your failures.
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